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Disintegrine
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Disintegrine sind Polypeptide, die erstmals aus dem Gift verschiedener Vipern (Viperidae) isoliert wurden. Die Sequenz findet sich aber auch als Disintegrin-DomΓ€ne in einer Reihe humaner Enzyme, den ADAM-Metalloproteasen. Bisher sind ΓΌber 25 verschiedene Disintegrine aus Schlangengift isoliert worden.
Contents
β’ Aufbau
β’ Anwendung
β’ Beispiele
β’ Einzelnachweise
β’ Literatur
β’ Weblinks
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Aufbau
Disintegrine sind wasserlΓΆsliche cysteinreiche nicht-enzymatische Peptide, die in Schlangengift aus 41 bis 84 AminosΓ€uren bestehen. In den ADAM-Proteasen besteht die Sequenz der Disintegrin-DomΓ€ne meist aus ungefΓ€hr 90 AminosΓ€uren. Fast alle Disintegrine und Disintegrin-DomΓ€nen, so beispielsweise auch ADAM15, enthalten die RGD-Sequenz (Arg-Gly-Asp), die beispielsweise an Ξ±vΞ²3-Integrine bindet.cite-ref-pmid12514095-1-0[1] Andere Disintegrine der ADAMs kΓΆnnen an andere Integrine binden. ADAM28 bindet an Ξ±4Ξ²1cite-ref-pmid11724793-2-0[2]
Im Schlangengift bewirken die Disintegrine eine verminderte Blutgerinnung durch die Bindung an den Fibrinogen-Bindungsrezeptor β das Integrin Ξ±IIbΞ²3 β der Thrombozyten.cite-ref-pmid11415436-3-0[3]
Die RGD-Sequenz, oder wie im Fall von Obtustatin die KTS-Sequenz, wird am Ende einer Schleifenstruktur des Peptids dem jeweiligen Rezeptor prΓ€sentiert.cite-ref-pmid15642483-4-0[4]
Anwendung
Die hochspezifische Bindung an verschiedene Rezeptoren machen die Disintegrine zu potenziellen Wirkstoffen zur Behandlung einer Reihe von Erkrankungen. Die antikoagulative Wirkung kann beispielsweise zur Vorbeugung vor Thromben genutzt werden.cite-ref-stocker-5-0[5] Weltweit werden die Disintegrine fΓΌr die Therapie von Krebs, Asthma und Osteopenie erprobt.cite-ref-pmid18508683-6-0[6]
Speziell die hohe AffinitΓ€t zu bestimmten Integrinen, die beim Tumorwachstum wichtig fΓΌr die Neubildung von BlutgefΓ€Γen (Angiogenese) sind (beispielsweise Ξ±vΞ²3), ist dabei von Interesse.cite-ref-pmid17979731-7-0[7]
Beispiele
Auswahl einiger Schlangen-Disintegrine.
| Name | n AminosΓ€uren | n Cystein | Spezies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albolabrin [ 8 ] | 73 | 12 | WeiΓlippen-Bambusotter ( Trimeresurus albolabris ) |
| Rhodostomin [ 3 ] | 68 | 12 | Malayische Mokassinotter ( Calloselasma rhodostoma ) |
| Trigramin [ 9 ] | 72 | 12 | GrΓΌne Bambusotter ( Trimeresurus gramineus ) |
| Batroxostatin [ 10 ] | 71 | 12 | GewΓΆhnliche Lanzenotter ( Bothrops atrox ) |
| Elegantin [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | 73 | 12 | Trimeresurus elegans |
| Applagin [ 8 ] | 71 | 12 | Wassermokassinotter ( Agkistrodon piscivorus ) |
| Barbourin [ 13 ] [ 14 ] | 73 | 12 | Zwergklapperschlange ( Sistrurus m. barbouri ) |
| Bitistatin [ 4 ] [ 15 ] | 83 | 14 | Puffotter ( Bitis arietans ) |
| Obtustatin [ 16 ] | 41 | 8 | Levanteotter ( Macrovipera lebetina ) |
| Echistatin [ 16 ] [ 17 ] | 49 | 8 | Gemeine Sandrasselotter ( Echis carinatus ) |
| Eristostatin [ 16 ] [ 18 ] | 49 | 8 | MacMahon-Viper ( Eristicophis macmahoni ) |
| Halysin [ 19 ] [ 20 ] | 71 | 12 | Halysotter ( Gloydius halys ) |
| Kistrin [ 19 ] [ 21 ] | 68 | 12 | Malayische Mokassinotter ( Calloselasma rhodostoma ) |
| Mambin [ 19 ] [ 22 ] | 59 | 8 | Jamesons Mamba ( Dendroaspis jamesoni ) |
| Tergeminin [ 14 ] | 73 | 12 | Westliche Massassauga ( Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus ) |
| Triflavin [ 23 ] | 70 | 12 | Habu-Schlange ( Trimeresurus flavoviridis ) |
Einzelnachweise
cite-note-pmid12514095-11. β D. F. Seals und S. A. Courtneidge: The ADAMs family of metalloproteases: multidomain proteins with multiple functions. In: Genes Dev 17, 2003, S. 7β30. PMID 12514095 (Review)
cite-note-pmid11724793-22. β L. C. Bridges u. a.: The lymphocyte metalloprotease MDC-L (ADAM 28) is a ligand for the integrin Ξ±4Ξ²1. (Memento vom 28. Mai 2008 im Internet Archive) In: J Biol Chem 277, 2002, S. 3784β3792. PMID 11724793
cite-note-pmid15642483-44. β L. C. Knight und J. E. Romano: Functional expression of bitistatin, a disintegrin with potential use in molecular imaging of thromboembolic disease. In: Protein Expr Purif 39, 2005, S. 307β319. PMID 15642483
cite-note-stocker-55. β K. Stocker: Anwendung von Schlangengiftproteinen in der Medizin. (Memento vom 11. Dezember 2015 im Internet Archive) (PDF; 182 kB) In: Schweiz Med Wochenschr 129, 1999, S. 205β216.
cite-note-pmid18508683-66. β M. A. McLane u. a.: Disintegrins in health and disease. In: Front Biosci 13, 2008, S. 6617β6637. PMID 18508683 (Review)
cite-note-pmid17979731-77. β S. Swenson u. a.: Anti-angiogenesis and RGD-containing snake venom disintegrins. In: Curr Pharm Des 13, 2007, S. 2860β2871. PMID 17979731 (Review)
cite-note-pmid2036389-81. J. J. Calvette u. a.: Identification of the disulfide bond pattern in albolabrin, an RGD-containing peptide from the venom of Trimeresurus albolabris: significance for the expression of platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. In: Biochemistry 30, 1991, S. 5225β5229. PMID 2036389
cite-note-pmid3680247-92. T. F. Huang, J. C. Holt, H. Lukasiewicz, S. Niewiarowski: Trigramin. A low molecular weight peptide inhibiting fibrinogen interaction with platelet receptors expressed on glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. In: The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Band 262, Nr. 33, 1987, S. 16157β16163, PMID 3680247.
cite-note-pmid2207176-103. B. Rucinski u. a.: Batroxostatin, an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide from Bothrops atrox, is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and cell interaction with fibronectin. In: Biochim Biophys Acta 1054, 1990, S. 257β262. PMID 2207176
cite-note-pmid2191722-114. J. Williams u. a.: Elegantin and albolabrin purified peptides from viper venoms: homologies with the RGDS domain of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In: Biochim Biophys Acta 1039, 1990, S. 81β89. PMID 2191722
cite-note-pmid8920980-125. A. Scaloni u. a.: Amino acid sequence and molecular modelling of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and fibronectin receptor iso-antagonists from Trimeresurus elegans venom. In: Biochem J 319, 1996, S. 775β782. PMID 8920980
cite-note-pmid10815769-136. H. Minoux u. a.: Structural analysis of the KGD sequence loop of barbourin, an alphaIIbbeta3-specific disintegrin. In; J Comput Aided Mol Des 14, 2000, S. 317β327. PMID 10815769
cite-note-pmid2033037-147. R. M. Scarborough, J. W. Rose, M. A. Hsu, D. R. Phillips, V. A. Fried, A. M. Campbell, L. Nannizzi, I. F. Charo: Barbourin. A GPIIb-IIIa-specific integrin antagonist from the venom of Sistrurus m. barbouri. In: The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Band 266, Nr. 15, 1991, S. 9359β9362, PMID 2033037.
cite-note-pmid9369214-158. J. J. Calvetea u. a.: The disulphide bond pattern of bitistatin, a disintegrin isolated from the venom of the viper Bitis arietans. In: FEBS Letters 416, 1997, S. 197β202. PMID 9369214
cite-note-pmid12727812-169. C. Marcinkiewicz u. a.: Obtustatin: a potent selective inhibitor of alpha1beta1 integrin in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. In: Cancer Res 63, 2003, S. 2020β2023. PMID 12727812
cite-note-pmid3198653-1710. Z. R. Gan, R. J. Gould, J. W. Jacobs, P. A. Friedman, M. A. Polokoff: Echistatin. A potent platelet aggregation inhibitor from the venom of the viper, Echis carinatus. In: The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Band 263, Nr. 36, 1988, S. 19827β19832, PMID 3198653.
cite-note-pmid17316731-1811. J. Tian u. a.: Inhibition of melanoma cell motility by the snake venom disintegrin eristostatin. In: Toxicon 49, 2007, S. 899β908. PMID 17316731
cite-note-pmid8772651-1912. L. C. Knight u. a.: Comparison of iodine-123-disintegrins for imaging thrombi and emboli in a canine model. In: J Nucl Med 37, 1996, S. 476β482. PMID 8772651
cite-note-pmid1888330-2013. T. F. Huang u. a.: Halysin, an antiplatelet Arg-Gly-Asp-containing snake venom peptide, as fibrinogen receptor antagonist. In: Biochem Pharmacol 42, 1991, S. 1209β1219. PMID 1888330
cite-note-pmid1900221-2114. T. Yasuda u. a.: Kistrin, a polypeptide platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, enhances and sustains coronary arterial thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine preparation. In: Circulation 83, 1991, S. 1038β1047. PMID 1900221
cite-note-pmid1591238-2215. R. S. McDowell u. a.: Mambin, a potent glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonist and platelet aggregation inhibitor structurally related to the short neurotoxins. In: Biochemistry 31, 1992, S. 4766β4772. PMID 1591238
cite-note-pmid1859363-2316. T. F. Huang u. a.: A potent antiplatelet peptide, triflavin, from Trimeresurus flavoviridis snake venom. In: Biochem J 277, 1991, S. 351v357. PMID 1859363
Literatur
β’ R. J. Gould u. a.: Disintegrins: a family of integrin inhibitory proteins from viper venoms. In: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 195, 1990, S. 168β171. PMID 2236100 (Review)
β’ J. A. Williams: Disintegrins: RGD-containing proteins which inhibit cell/matrix interactions (adhesion) and cell/cell interactions (aggregation) via the integrin receptors. In: Pathol Biol (Paris) 40, 1992, S. 813β821. PMID 1484742 (Review)
β’ S. Niewiarowski u. a.: Disintegrins and other naturally occurring antagonists of platelet fibrinogen receptors. In: Semin Hematol 31, 1994, S. 289β300. PMID 7831574 (Review)
β’ T. F. Huang: What have snakes taught us about integrins? In: Cell Mol Life Sci 54, 1998, S. 527β540. PMID 9676572 (Review)
β’ R. M. Kini: Anticoagulant proteins from snake venoms: structure, function and mechanism. In: Biochem J 397, 2006, S. 377β387. PMID 16831131 (Review), PMC 1533313 (freier Volltext)
β’ C. H. Yang: Inhibition of retinal pigment epithelial cell-induced tractional retinal detachment by disintegrins, a group of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides from viper venom. In: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37, 1996, S. 843β854. PMID 8603869
β’ M. A. McLane u. a.: Disintegrins. In: Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 4, 2004, S. 327β355. PMID 1557895 (Review)
β’ X. Lu u. a.: Snake venom metalloproteinase containing a disintegrin-like domain, its structure-activity relationships at interacting with integrins. In: Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents 3, 2005, S. 249β260. PMID 15974889
β’ C. Barja-Fidalgo u. a.: Disintegrins: integrin selective ligands which activate integrin-coupled signaling and modulate leukocyte functions. In: Braz J Med Biol Res 38, 2005, S. 1513β1520. PMID 16172744 (Review)
β’ J. A. Williams: Disintegrins: RGD-containing proteins which inhibit cell/matrix interactions (adhesion) and cell/cell interactions (aggregation) via the integrin receptors. In: Pathol Biol (Paris) 40, 1992, S. 813β821. PMID 1484742 (Review)
β’ K. Grimm: Induktion der Integrin vermittelten Synthese und Aktivierung von Matrix Metalloproteinasen durch Schlangengift Metalloproteinasen in dermalen Fibroblasten. Dissertation, UniversitΓ€t zu KΓΆln, 2003. urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-13157
Weblinks
β’ T. Wolf: Schlangengift gegen Krebs. In: Die Welt vom 2. Februar 2008
β’ T. Wolf: Schlangengift gegen Krebs, Alzheimer und Parkinson. In: Berliner Morgenpost vom 3. Februar 2008